The Ultimate Guide to Fluoroantimonic Acid: Price, Types, and Applications
Fluoroantimonic acid (H[SbF₆]) is renowned as the strongest superacid known to date. Its unique properties make it vital in various chemical processes and applications. This guide aims to provide an exhaustive overview of fluoroantimonic acid, including its types, applications, pricing trends, and more. Our goal is to deliver valuable insights that surpass competing resources and serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers, chemists, and industry professionals.
Comparison of Types and Applications of Fluoroantimonic Acid
| Type | Properties | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Fluoroantimonic Acid | Strongest superacid, Hammett acidity -31.3 | Catalysis in organic reactions |
| Hexafluoroantimonic Acid | Similar to fluoroantimonic acid, often used interchangeably | Synthesis of fluorinated compounds |
| Anhydrous Fluoroantimonic Acid | Concentrated form, higher reactivity | Industrial processes and research |
| Dilute Fluoroantimonic Acid | Lower concentration, more manageable | Laboratory experiments and educational purposes |
Understanding Fluoroantimonic Acid
Fluoroantimonic acid is synthesized by combining hydrogen fluoride (HF) with antimony pentafluoride (SbF₅) in a specific molar ratio. This superacid exhibits properties that make it significantly stronger than traditional acids, such as sulfuric acid. Understanding its composition and structure is essential for its effective application in various fields.
Chemical Composition
Fluoroantimonic acid exists as a dynamic equilibrium of ions: H₂F⁺ (fluoronium) and SbF₆⁻ (hexafluoroantimonate). The reaction is represented as:
[ \text{SbF}5 + 2 \text{HF} \rightleftharpoons \text{SbF}6^- + \text{H}_2\text{F}^+ ]
The reaction is exothermic and requires controlled conditions to prevent hazardous outcomes.
Unique Properties
Fluoroantimonic acid’s unique properties stem from its incredibly high acidity. Its Hammett acidity function (H₀) is measured at -31.3, making it about 10¹⁹ times more potent than 100% sulfuric acid. This extreme proton-donating capability enables it to facilitate various industrial and laboratory processes.
Applications of Fluoroantimonic Acid
Fluoroantimonic acid finds application across numerous fields, including organic synthesis, materials science, and even pharmaceuticals. Here are some notable uses:
Catalysis in Organic Reactions
Fluoroantimonic acid plays a crucial role in catalyzing organic reactions. Its ability to donate protons makes it invaluable in processes such as alkylation and polymerization. It is often utilized in the production of fluorinated organic compounds, which are essential in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
Research and Development
In academic research, fluoroantimonic acid is employed to study acid-base reactions and to explore the limits of acidity. Researchers leverage its properties to synthesize novel compounds and investigate new chemical pathways in organic chemistry.
Industrial Manufacturing
Industrially, fluoroantimonic acid is utilized in the production of high-performance polymers and materials. Its corrosive nature necessitates the use of specialized equipment and handling protocols, often involving materials like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for safe storage and use.
Pricing Trends of Fluoroantimonic Acid
The price of fluoroantimonic acid varies based on factors such as purity, quantity, and supplier. Here is an overview of pricing trends observed across different suppliers:
- MilliporeSigma: Prices for fluoroantimonic acid start at competitive rates, often reflecting high purity and quality standards.
- ChemicalBook: Offers a range of pricing based on bulk orders, with discounts available for larger quantities.
- IndiaMART: Typically features lower pricing for smaller quantities, catering to laboratory needs.
- Fisher Scientific: Known for premium pricing due to brand reputation and product quality assurance.
- Benchchem: Competitive pricing with options for bulk purchasing and laboratory supplies.
| Supplier | Price Range (per gram) | Purity Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MilliporeSigma | $100 – $150 | High | Known for quality and reliability |
| ChemicalBook | $80 – $120 | Varies | Competitive bulk pricing available |
| IndiaMART | $60 – $100 | Medium | Budget-friendly options |
| Fisher Scientific | $120 – $180 | Very High | Premium line with extensive support |
| Benchchem | $90 – $140 | High | Good for lab-scale purchases |
Technical Features of Fluoroantimonic Acid
Here is a comparison table highlighting the technical features of fluoroantimonic acid:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | H[SbF₆] |
| CAS Number | 16950-06-4 |
| Molecular Weight | 236.76 g/mol |
| Acidity Level | Hammett acidity function -31.3 |
| Storage Conditions | Requires PTFE or PFA containers |
| Reactivity | Highly reactive, exothermic reactions |
| Synthesis Method | Reaction of HF with SbF₅ |
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Conclusion
Fluoroantimonic acid is an essential chemical compound that stands out due to its extreme acidity and unique properties. Its applications span across various fields, including organic synthesis, research, and industrial manufacturing. Pricing varies among suppliers, reflecting factors such as purity and quantity. Understanding fluoroantimonic acid is crucial for anyone involved in chemistry, whether in academia or industry.
FAQ
What is fluoroantimonic acid?
Fluoroantimonic acid is the strongest known superacid, formed by the combination of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride. It is used in various chemical reactions due to its extreme acidity.
How is fluoroantimonic acid synthesized?
It is synthesized by mixing hydrogen fluoride (HF) with antimony pentafluoride (SbF₅) in a 2:1 molar ratio, resulting in a highly reactive superacid.
What are the applications of fluoroantimonic acid?
Fluoroantimonic acid is used in organic synthesis, as a catalyst in chemical reactions, in research settings, and in the production of fluorinated compounds and materials.
Why is fluoroantimonic acid considered dangerous?
Due to its extreme acidity and reactivity, fluoroantimonic acid can cause severe chemical burns and is hazardous to handle without proper safety measures and equipment.
What is the price range of fluoroantimonic acid?
Prices typically range from $60 to $180 per gram, depending on the supplier, purity, and quantity purchased.
How should fluoroantimonic acid be stored?
It should be stored in containers made of materials like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) to prevent corrosion and ensure safety.
What is the Hammett acidity function of fluoroantimonic acid?
The Hammett acidity function (H₀) of fluoroantimonic acid is -31.3, indicating its extreme acidity compared to other acids.
Can fluoroantimonic acid be diluted?
Yes, fluoroantimonic acid can be diluted, but precautions must be taken as it remains highly reactive even in lower concentrations.
Is fluoroantimonic acid used in pharmaceuticals?
Yes, fluoroantimonic acid is used to synthesize fluorinated organic compounds, which have applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
What safety measures should be taken when handling fluoroantimonic acid?
Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats should be worn. Work should be conducted in a fume hood to avoid inhalation of fumes.